Overdraft service costs customers higher bank fees

Agency says consumers who opt for overdraft coverage on checking accounts pay higher fees

Customers use ATMs at a Bank of America branch office in Boston. A report by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau released Tuesday said it’s hard for consumers to anticipate and avoid overdraft charges. These charges vary widely from one bank to the next, the report said.

WASHINGTON — A U.S. agency said consumers who opt for overdraft coverage on their checking accounts pay higher fees and are more likely to have their accounts closed than those who decline it.

A report by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau released Tuesday said it’s hard for consumers to anticipate and avoid overdraft charges. It found that the cost for “opting-in” for overdraft coverage varies widely from one bank to the next.

Customers of some banks paid average charges of $298 annually, while those at others paid $147.

The consumer bureau has been investigating overdraft fees, which are a major source of banks’ revenue. The agency has said its examination could result in new rules.

The Consumer Bankers Association, which represents large U.S. banks and regional banks, urged the consumer bureau against adopting any policy that it said could push consumers toward financial firms outside the banking industry that are less strictly regulated by the government and offer costlier alternatives.

“Consumers have the right to choose the products and features which best provide for their family’s daily financial needs,” Richard Hunt, the group’s president and chief executive officer, said in a statement Tuesday. “Fortunately, the marketplace for checking accounts is extremely competitive, and banks make every effort to educate their customers about the options available to them.”

Banks charge overdraft fees when customers spend more money than they have in an account. Banks will allow the transaction and then charge the customer a penalty of as much as $35.

Consumer advocates say overdraft fees hurt the people who can least afford them because poorer customers are more likely to drain their checking accounts to close to zero.

“Consumers need to anticipate and avoid unnecessary fees on their checking accounts,” Richard Cordray, consumer bureau director, said in a statement. “But we are concerned that some overdraft practices may increase consumer costs beyond reasonable expectations.”

In 2010, the Federal Reserve barred banks from automatically enrolling customers in so-called overdraft-protection programs for debit card or ATM transactions. Banks must obtain a customer’s consent, or “opt-in.” Without the service, a transaction is declined if the customer can’t cover it. The rule didn’t apply to checks, online bill payments, or recurring debits, such as a monthly utility bill. It also didn’t limit how much banks can charge for the overdraft service.

Negative account balances can lead to involuntary closures of accounts, which can leave a black mark on a consumer’s record and make it hard to open another account, the report noted.

The report determined that involuntary closure rates at some banks were more than 2.5 times higher for customers who had opted for debit and ATM overdraft coverage.

The overdraft fees are complicated, the report said, varying among banks on the number of overdrafts that can be incurred in a single day, for example.

The maximum amount that a bank is willing to advance to a customer as protection can vary and is based on many factors.

The order in which check, debit card, and other transactions are posted to an account can affect the number of overdraft fees, and the report found widely varying posting practices among banks.