Pedometers, diaries help drop pounds, lower blood pressure
11/23/2007Change is enough to lower risk for stroke and heart disease
CHICAGO - A $20 fitness gadget stood up to multiple research studies, helping people walk an additional mile each day - but only if they logged their steps.
Those who did lowered their blood pressure and lost a few pounds, an analysis found.
Pedometers, also called step counters, clip to a belt or waistband and count the steps the wearer takes during the day. They range in price from $5 to $60, with simple yet reliable models costing around $20.
The analysis found that increasing physical activity depended on setting a goal and keeping a diary of the number of steps walked each day, said co-author Dr. Dena Bravata of Stanford University. Her report appears in Wednesday's Journal of the American Medical Association.
"Every night, you write down how many steps you walked that day," she said. "By flipping back through your diary, you're able to see patterns: 'On the two days a week I took the stairs, I increased my steps.' "
Dr. Bravata, an internist, wanted to recommend pedometers to her patients. But she "really wanted to know if these little gizmos that now are increasingly popular worked."
She and her colleagues analyzed 20 studies from the United States and Canada and half a dozen from Japan, Europe, and Australia. The average age of participants was 49, and 85 percent were female because some studies targeted women. The total number of volunteers overall was more than 2,700.
The research showed that pedometer users increased their physical activity by about 27 percent, walking about one mile more a day than they did before they started their step-counting routines.
Most of the studies established a baseline by asking these walkers not to change their usual activity while wearing a sealed pedometer, that is, one where they couldn't see the number of steps, for three to seven days.
On average, the volunteers lost a few pounds. And their blood pressure dropped enough to lower their risk for stroke and heart disease, Dr. Bravata said.
Keeping a step diary was key; those who didn't do that showed no significant increase in walking. Pedometer users who didn't have a step goal also failed to increase their activity.
A Japanese fitness movement sets a goal of 10,000 steps, but more modest goals also worked to increase activity, Dr. Bravata said.
It's still unclear whether the effects are long-lasting, she said. The studies followed patients, on average, 18 weeks.
There were lasting effects for Marcy Ross, 54, an encyclopedia editor from Great Barrington, Mass. She has clocked more than 3 million steps since putting on a pedometer 2 1/2 years ago and has lost "five to 10 extra pounds."
"It's the best thing I ever did," Ms. Ross said.
A National Institute on Aging grant supported the analysis.