Fast-food experts find 33 ‘healthy’ kids’ meals among 5,427

11/5/2013

It’s not often that the so-called food cops have kind words for the fast-food industry, but there are a few of them in a new report on the offerings from restaurants such as McDonald’s, KFC and Taco Bell — and how they are marketed to kids.

Analysts from Yale University’s Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity — a leading proponent of efforts to remove sugary drinks from schools and impose a tax on sodas, among other initiatives — analyzed the menu offerings from 18 fast-food chains. They considered all the possible combinations of main dishes, sides and drinks — for a total of 5,427 possible meals.

Eleven out of 12 of the restaurants with kids’ meals had at least one option for a side dish that the Rudd Center considered “healthy,” such as sliced apples, bananas, fruit cups, applesauce, green beans, corn or salads. In addition, more than three-quarters of the restaurants offered a healthy drink choice, usually unflavored milk, 100 percent juice or bottled water.

The study praised McDonald’s for changing its Happy Meal menu to include only a half-serving of French fries and adding sliced apples. And Subway, Burger King, Taco Bell, Arby’s and Jack in the Box were commended for having main dish items that didn’t go overboard on calories, saturated fat or sodium.

Fast-food restaurants cut back on commercials aimed at younger children between the ages of 6 and 11, but boosted the number of ads aimed at teens. These ads, however, increasingly featured healthful food items. The Yale team documented a 16 percent decline in the average calories per commercial, along with reductions in sugar and saturated fat.

That’s about where the praise ended. Among the 5,427 possible meals that could be served to children, only 33, or less than 1 percent, met the recommended nutrition guidelines set by the Institute of Medicine.

The top-rated meal was Kraft macaroni and cheese, apples and water, served at Arby’s.

The restaurant and food industries have come up with their own standards of “healthier” foods that should be marketed and served to kids. These include the National Restaurant Association’s Kids LiveWell Program and the Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative, two voluntary programs that set limits on calories, fat, sodium and sugar (among other criteria) in products aimed at younger eaters. When the Rudd Center analysts measured the 5,427 possible meals against these standards, only 3 percent measured up, according to the report, Fast Food FACTS 2013. FACTS is an acronym for Food Advertising to Children and Teens Score.

Report authors noted that since the last Fast Food FACTS came out in 2010, menu offerings have greatly expanded. As a result, the number of possible kids’ meal combinations has grown by 54 percent. But the proportion of meals that qualify as healthful remained in the low single-digits.

Things look somewhat better for teens, who normally order off the regular menu. The proportion of options considered healthful for them was closer to 25 percent, according to the report.

Why focus so much on fast food? The report notes that one-third of children and 41 percent of teens eat fast food every day, according to a 2012 study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine by researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago. And on days that do include a fast-food meal, the daily caloric intake rises by 126 for children and by 310 for teens, some of the same researchers reported this year in JAMA Pediatrics.

The complete list of fast-food chains included Arby’s, Burger King, Chick-fil-A, Cici’s Pizza, Dairy Queen, Domino’s, Dunkin’ Donuts, Jack in the Box, KFC, Little Caesars, McDonald’s, Panera Bread, Pizza Hut, Sonic, Starbucks, Subway, Taco Bell and Wendy’s.

The report was funded by grants from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the Rudd Foundation.